The Eugenic Marriage, Volume I. (of IV.)
W >> W. Grant Hague, M.D. >> The Eugenic Marriage, Volume I. (of IV.)If the weaning is gradually undertaken the child should be allowed to nurse
less frequently. One less nursing every second day until two nursings daily
are given. Keep the two daily nursings up for one week and then discontinue
them, after which the above measures may be adopted. To dry the milk up,
the breasts may be anointed with the following mixture: Ext. Belladonna, 2
drams; Glycerine, 2 ounces; Oil of Wintergreen, 10 drops.
NERVOUS NURSING MOTHERS.--Nervousness, considered not as the product of a
diseased condition, but as a temperamental quality, is an unfortunate
affliction in some nursing mothers. Let us illustrate just how this
characteristic is detrimental to the helpless baby. A mother was instructed
to give her baby a half teaspoonful of medicine one-half hour after each
feeding. She was told how to give it, and how to hold the baby when giving
it. She was also told that the baby would not like it, and would try to
eject it from its mouth rather than swallow it, and that when it did
swallow it, it would make a little choking noise in its throat, but not to
mind these, to go ahead and give it, as the baby could not strangle or
choke. It was essential to give the baby this medicine, and hence the
physician explicitly instructed her in these details. What was the result?
On the following day when the physician called, and found the baby much
worse, the mother said: "Oh, doctor! I couldn't give the medicine, the baby
wouldn't take it, she nearly strangled to death when I tried to give it."
The physician asked for the medicine and placing the baby over his knee,
gave it without the slightest trouble, much to the mother's amazement. The
servant girl who was a hard-headed, cool, Scotch girl, was instructed and
shown how to give the medicine, which she did successfully. The mother was
temperamentally nervous, was easily excited and became helpless the moment
the baby objected, though she was a strong, robust, healthy woman.
Another mother was carefully instructed to drop into the eye of her baby
two drops of medicine every four hours. She was told and apparently
appreciated the urgent necessity of the medication as her baby's eye [127]
was badly infected. She was further told that if she did exactly as shown,
the eye would be better in two or three days, and if she did not, the other
eye would become infected, and blindness might result. She undertook to
carry out the directions faithfully. She absolutely failed, however, to
carry out the instructions. Her husband informed the physician on the
following day that she became so nervous and excited that she utterly
failed to treat the eye once, and when he and a sister offered their
assistance she became so unreasonable in her fear that "they might hurt the
baby" that it was impossible to do anything with her. Her sister was
finally shown how to do it and carried the case through quite successfully.
Inasmuch as this book is intended to convey helpful instruction to every
mother, the author would suggest to those of this type the necessity of
resisting this tendency. It is a matter of will power, just make up your
mind not to be silly and if you find that you cannot trust yourself to
follow instructions, let someone else do it. When the physician tells you a
certain thing must be done, and that no harm can result, do it, and don't
imagine all kinds of impossible happenings.
So much anguish and annoyance is caused in this world by imagining and
anticipating trouble, that half the pleasure of life is denied us. You
cannot do your whole duty by a helpless baby if you do not reason and act
upon sound judgment. Many babies are lost by mothers being afraid to do
what should be done, and what they know should be done. It is not what the
doctor does that brings a baby through a dangerous sickness; it is the
faithfulness of the nurse in carrying out his instructions that is
responsible for the outcome. A timid, halting, doubting nurse can quickly
undo all a physician hopes to accomplish; while a prompt, faithful nurse,
with initiative, and good judgment, can save a little life in a crisis,
even in the absence of the physician. Follow instructions implicitly, even
though the carrying out of the instructions seem to cause the baby pain and
suffering,--it is for the baby's best interest.
[128]
BIRTH MARKS.--Much has been written on this subject which a later study of
biology and eugenics have shown to be utterly false. Let us consider the
actual facts. The baby is already a baby, floating in a fluid of its own
manufacture. It has absolutely no connection with its mother except by
means of its umbilical cord,--which is composed of blood vessels. The blood
in these vessels is the child's blood and never at any time does it even
mix with the blood of the mother. It is sent along these vessels into the
placenta, or after-birth, in which it circulates in small thin vessels, so
close to the mother's blood that their contents can be interchanged. Yet
the two streams never actually mix. The carbonic acid and waste products,
in the child's blood, are taken up by the mother's blood, and given in
exchange oxygen and food, which is returned to nourish the child. There is
absolutely no nervous connection between the mother and the child. How then
is it possible for the mother to affect her child in any way except insofar
as the quality of its nourishment is concerned? Nor can a mother affect her
child in any other sense. If the intermingling of blood could affect a
child's education we would frequently resort to surgery. In the article on
Eugenics, under the heading, "Education and Eugenics," it is explained that
the child is "created" at the moment of conception; that absolutely nothing
can affect it after it is created; that no influence of the mother or
father can in any way affect it for better or worse. A mother cannot create
in her child any quality which she may desire no matter how she conducts
herself. It was formerly thought that a mother could for example create a
musical genius by devoting all her time to the study of music while she
carried the unborn child; or that she could make a historian of it if she
studied history; or an artist if she studied paintings. We now know this to
be wholly wrong and for very excellent reasons.
The mother must realize that the only aid she can bestow upon her unborn
child is to give it the best possible nourishment. She must provide good
blood because the quality of the maternal blood stream bespeaks a healthy
or unhealthy, a fit or unfit, child. Whatever the child is to be is [129]
already fixed, its innate characteristics art part of itself. Whether it
will have the vitality to develop its inherent possibilities depends, to a
great degree, upon its intra-uterine environment,--and its intra-uterine
environment depends upon the health of its mother and the quality of the
blood she is feeding it upon. After birth its health, its success, its
efficiency, depends upon the care it gets and the quality of its mother's
milk. A mother therefore must be in good physical and mental health if she
hopes to do her full duty as a mother.
QUALIFICATIONS OF A NURSERY MAID.--When a helper, or maid, is employed to
aid in caring for the baby, much precaution should be exercised in
selecting her. The association of the nursery maid and the child, is
necessarity an intimate one, and she should be willing to submit to a
medical examination to prove her physical fitness. Her lungs should be
examined thoroughly, so also should the condition of her mouth, throat and
nose be known. An observant and tactful mother will also find out if there
are any other objectionable conditions existing, which would render her
unfit for the position. A nursery maid should be naturally fond of
children, she should be industrious, and sensible; of quiet tastes and good
disposition. Her work should be a pleasure not a task.
* * * * *
[131]
CHAPTER XI
CONVALESCING AFTER CONFINEMENT
THE SECOND CRITICAL PERIOD IN THE YOUNG WIFE'S LIFE--THE DOMESTIC
PROBLEM FOLLOWING THE FIRST CONFINEMENT.
The first three or four months following the first confinement is the
second important period in the young wife's life. In one sense it is the
most critical period. The first important period you will remember we
stated to be the first few months after marriage. During these months the
young wife passed through the period of adaptation. She found out that
matrimony was not all sunshine and happiness. She learned that her husband
was not the paragon she had idealized. She discovered his human side. She
met daily trials and annoyances incident to domestic life. She found her
level, and, in finding it, she discovered herself. She is not very safely
anchored yet but she is trying to succeed and the future promises well.
Some day she awakes to the knowledge that she is pregnant and a multitude
of new speculations enter into the situation. She finds she must go on
striving and hoping and praying that she may have the strength and courage
to do her part. Time passes, and if she is an ordinary woman she scarcely
does justice to herself. Her duties are exacting, and her physical
condition is not given the study and care which she ought to give it. She
does not understand the importance of the hygiene of pregnancy, and the day
of the confinement finds her more or less exhausted, and worn out. She
passes through the crisis of maternity, however, and spends the customary
ten days in bed. At the end of that period the nurse and physician leave
her to face the most important problem of life alone. She is a mother, and
has in her exclusive charge a human life.
Let us exactly understand what the real situation is. It would not further
the object of this book or help in the solution of the problem the author
has in mind to depict a false situation. We must concede the following[132]
facts to be true, if we understand the subject:
1. That the mothers of the human race are, in the vast majority, the poor.
2. That they are uneducated in the sense that they are not versed in the
science of hygiene and sanitation, and consequently health preservation.
3. That even the fairly well educated are innocently ignorant of the
science of heredity, environment, hygiene, sanitation and health
preservation.
4. That to benefit the majority we must depict conditions as they exist
among the poor, and reason from that standard.
Such books as have been written on this subject have based their facts upon
too high a plane. Their remedies are beyond the means and the understanding
of the average poor mother. Their analogies are based upon conditions that
exist among the better class. The average poor housewife gets no practical
assistance or help from their deductions, because her environment precludes
any utilization of the data furnished; the data is not practical in her
particular case.
Our young mother is in all probability a physically and mentally immature
girl. She most likely entered the marriage relationship without a real
understanding of its true meaning, or even a serious thought regarding its
duties or its responsibilities. She was not taught the true meaning of
motherhood before actual maternity was thrust upon her. She has probably
innocently acquired habits which are detrimental to her health and her
morals; and she has no conception of the fundamental duties of a homemaker.
Yet into the keeping of this woman a human life has been given.
Her home surroundings are not such as to inspire confidence or from which
to elicit encouragement. It has been a struggle to make ends meet; to keep
the peace; to be hopeful and cheerful. If she has succeeded in keeping her
home neat and clean and comfortable, it has been at the expense of her not
too robust constitution. If she has made efforts to observe the amenities
of life, to be true as wife, companion and confidant, it has taxed her[133]
nerves, her courage and her vitality. She has frequently been at the
breaking point but she has kept up because she felt it was her duty, and
because there was nothing else to do.
As she rests from her weary labor during the first long days after getting
out of bed, the loneliness of it all crushes her. She is weak, nervous, and
discouraged, and her white, wan face, with its tired, appealing eyes,
bespeaks her anemic and hopeless condition. She is only a child herself,
yet fate has crowned her with the holy diadem of motherhood. There are
thousands of such mothers and yet posterity need not despair. This is just
the beginning, and from such beginnings have sprung the heroes of the race.
If the reader has carefully read the chapter on Heredity she will
understand that the temporary condition of this mother is not important so
far as the destiny of the child is concerned. The really important question
is, How will this mother develop? The environment of the child depends upon
the conditions with which its mother surrounds it. If she is a failure, the
child's environmental influences will be unfavorable; if she proves worthy
of her trust, if she progresses and masters her difficulties; if she is a
good mother and a good homemaker the child's surroundings and influences
will be favorable to the full development of its hereditary endowment. But
it must be remembered that even an unfavorable environment need not prevent
the hereditary promise from dominating the life of the individual.
To return to our girl mother, upon whose slender shoulders the weight of a
great responsibility rests,--we wish to concede that her burden is great.
Her home duties are rendered more onerous because of her physical weakness
and disability. The strain of nursing her fretful child is taxing her
vitality and her nerves to the limit. Her disposition is imposed upon by
the exactions of an uncomprehending husband. She is inclined to fretfulness
and melancholia by the seeming uncharitableness of fate and fortune. Her
moments of introspection are almost bitter. It is a critical period,--she
has reached the breaking point. [Page 134]
Such moments are apt to be epochal. The turning of the wheel of fortune
will decide the destiny of a human soul.
It may be a friend who will supply the needed inspiration that will
revitalize hope, and courage, and the determination to succeed. Or it may
be a prayer, breathed in the silence of despair that will inspire the
courage to fight on, and change the complexion of life.
Once again we would advise such a young wife to calmly think matters over;
to find out "what she is working for"; to assemble her ideals and to "know
what she wants." There is nothing organically wrong. It is a condition, not
a disease. She is discouraged, despondent, nervous and weak. The
discouragement, despondency, and nervousness is a result of reduced
physical vitality and lack of system. She is not efficient because she is
not a trained worker. She is easily discouraged because anemia or
bloodlessness fails to supply the oxygen necessary to a fight. There is no
period in a woman's life when she is more apt to fall into a rut than at
this time. Every element, spiritual and physical, which is necessary to
stagnation and indifference is present, and it will take a bold and brave
effort to resist the temptation to failure which has encompassed her.
How can we suggest a remedy? She must first regain her health. She has
simply a condition to combat, not a disease, and a definite system, a well
laid out plan strictly adhered to will effect the result. She must regain
her health, because, without health, she cannot hope to be efficient in
work or agreeable in disposition, and she owes both to herself, to her
husband and to her child. She must get out of doors. She must walk in the
open air. There is absolutely nothing in life that will effect so
miraculous a transformation in a discouraged, tired, weary and sick woman,
as systematic daily walks in the open air. She must walk briskly, however,
and she must desire to get well. We cannot get well if we do not wish to
get well. One who walks with a purpose will walk erect, firmly and briskly;
she will hold her chest up, and will breathe deeply, and she will drink in
hope, and health, and happiness. It takes time to regain strength [135]
after the strain of pregnancy and labor. Many women complain that they feel
weak and do not regain strength quickly, but they make no effort. They must
make a beginning. Sitting around waiting for it to come will not bring it.
If they cannot walk a mile, they must walk half that distance to begin
with; the five mile walk will follow in time. Many young mothers get into
the habit of taking baby out in his carriage for an airing, and regard this
as exercise for themselves. They join the baby brigade and parade up and
down the block, or select a sunny spot where there are others on a like
quest, and sit around exchanging confidences. These outings usually
degenerate into gossiping parties and are a dangerous and questionable
practice. They are no doubt good for the baby, but they are morally and
physically bad for the young mother. This daily habit is called exercise,
but it is in no sense physical exercise. The young mother should select a
certain time each day, immediately after a nursing when baby is likely to
sleep, and devote this period to walking. One hour each day will accomplish
much in regaining and establishing health and strength, and appetite for
the mother. No indoor work can take the place of a walk out of doors. It is
a duty on the part of the nursing mother to do this. It will enable her to
supply better milk; it will banish her tendency to nervousness; it will
ensure a good appetite, good spirits, and sound sleep. It will make her a
better mother and a better wife. Many young wives sow the first seeds of
discontent, and ultimate failure during the natural depression that follows
maternity.
She must adopt system in the performance of her household duties. A good
plan is to set aside a certain definite time for meals, when to begin
cooking and when to end washing the dishes. Then arrange regarding the
general household duties. Make a schedule for a week devoting each day to a
certain task so that at the end of the week all the essential work will
have been completed. By systematizing work in this way a great deal of
ground can be covered and as time passes it will become easier, as many
helpful ways will suggest themselves whereby time will be economized. [136]
Adopt a system with the baby. Many mothers are worn-out, nervous wrecks for
no other reason than a lack of system in the management of the daily life
of their offspring. If system is not adopted in feeding and caring for an
infant it becomes irritable. To a sick, tired, weary mother an irritable
child is an unspeakable torture. Begin right. Give it adequate, but no
unnecessary attention. Nurse it every two hours, and at no other time. Wake
it to nurse at its regular time. It will in a few days acquire the habit of
feeding regularly and will sleep between feedings. Do not overfeed it.
Remember babies never die from starvation, but many do by overkindness, and
overfeeding is the most prolific cause of infant mortality known. Read the
article on "How long should a baby nurse?" Keep the baby clean, comfortable
and happy and you will not have a fretful child, but one that will be a
constant inspiration and incentive to you.
Find time to rest, take a mid-day nap. Get off occasionally to the country
or the sea shore for a day or two. Keep up your interest in your personal
appearance, be neat and clean, and invite the attention of your husband
during the evening hour. Don't let him grow away from you. Be cheerful,
encourage him to tell of his hopes and plans, and show an interest in his
health and in his work. Do not forget the dominating influence on your
efficiency, and on your happiness which the study habit possesses. Interest
yourself in some art, cultivate your mind, and soon, sooner than you think,
you will have forgotten your troubles and you will have regained your
health.
There is no other way to do it. There is no royal way in which it can be
done which is not open to the poorest mother.
An ocean voyage, a trip to Europe, a society Doctor, a professional
masseur, beauty experts and miracle workers cannot accomplish more than you
can in your poor apartment, if you "go about it in the right way and in the
right spirit." Keep in mind always, that: "failure exists only in
acknowledging it." Every task that is worth while is won by self-sacrifice,
by self-abnegation, by patient, persistent, enthusiastic effort, and in no
other way. The joy of consummation is reward enough for all human
sacrifice.
* * * * *
Corrections made to printed original.
Index: Constipation, in breast-fed infants: 'in-infants' (line-break) in
original
Ibid.: Gleet; Mucous patches; Pox; Vol II: Vol I. in original
Ibid.: Sanitary napkins; I, 66: I, 63 in original
Ibid.: Sexual intercourse; I, 76: I, 78 in original
Page 23: whether there is such a thing: 'think' (hand-corrected) in
original
Page 40: recruiting ground for the gangster: 'ganster' in original
Page 65: incident to a confinement: 'confiement' in original
Ibid.: The advantage of the Kelly pad: 'paid' in original
Page 89: the patient should pass: 'pateint' in original
Page 93: Advantages of Putting Baby to Breast: 'Adantages' in original
Page 127: anguish and annoyance: 'anoyance' in original